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61.
不同灌水方式对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长及产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在人工防雨篷下研究了前期不同灌水处理对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长、光合生理及产量的影响,以期为该区小麦增产和水分高效利用提供科学依据和理论帮助。结果表明,灌1水条件下小麦叶片长宽和单茎干物重随灌水日期的推迟呈先增加后下降的趋势,并以生育前期水分充足处理CK最高,W5100d(出苗后100 d灌水)处理次之,且总灌水量一致下小麦生育前期灌1水和灌2水效果间的差异不显著。生育前期适当推迟灌水日期有利于增加小麦生育中后期的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量,且灌浆中期W5100d处理的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量高于CK。小麦生育前期适当推迟灌水日期亦有利于降低植株蒸腾速率改善小麦光合特性,其中W5100d处理的光合速率比对照CK增加了11.4%。W5100d与CK处理的产量差异不显著,分别为6 955.40,7 102.67 kg/hm2,但两者产量明显高于其他灌水处理。相关分析表明,小麦叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率与单茎干物重和产量间皆呈直线显著正相关关系。研究得出,小麦生育前期适当延长灌水日期有利于改善小麦中后期生长发育、光合特性及产量,且总灌水量一致下灌水次数效果间的差异不显著。 相似文献
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郑旭明 《广西农业生物科学》1995,(4)
一般而言,在理论力学的运动学中,平面运动刚体的平面图形上各点的速度与加速度的主要求解方法与计算公式,是应用运动的分解与合成─Chasle运动叠加定理导出的。本文作者应用矢量导数直接导出上述公式,并且在矢量导数的定型公式基础上建立相应的定型矩阵公式,使此类问题的求解简明便捷,又能应用矩阵的FORTRAN程序,使用日趋普及的现代化电脑进行运算。 相似文献
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该文从营养液栽培的发展规模、投资费用、营养液栽培方式等方面介绍了日本营养液栽培的现状、存在的问题及发展方向。在营养液管理方面,已发现单纯依靠检测电导率EC值控制营养液浓度的弊端,提出应针对各种离子的营养液浓度进行管理;各种废液的处理方法和营养液循环利用中去除病原菌和生长阻害物质的方法。分析了各种方法的利弊。最后该文详细介绍了日本营养液栽培的新技术——移动栽培和营养液土耕的基本原理,主要方法和效果。 相似文献
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Summary We tested the effects of two organic fertilizers (composts) and lime on the soil fauna of a spruce stand. One compost was obtained from chopped wood and the other from household garbage. At the time of distribution the pH of the control plots averaged 3.2, the garbage compost had a pH of 7.5, and the wood compost of 6.2. During the experimental period the pH of the compost layers decreased. The pH of the former litter layer beneath the composts showed a steep increase after 5 months, but beneath the treatment with wood compost this effect did no persist. Liming increased the pH only slightly in the litter layer. The two types of compost, the litter layer, and lumbricids (Lumbricus rubellus) were analyzed for concentrations of essential and potentially toxic elements. The element burden was highest in the garbage compost with 7- to 11-fold concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Mg, and Cu compared to the needle litter. K, Ba, and Ca were 4 times more concentrated. L. rubellus showed an increased Cu concentration after extraction from the highly contaminated sites of garbage compost. Despite the differences in Pb contamination in the needle litter and in the two compost types, all investigated individuals of L. rubellus contained similar concentrations of Pb. In contrast to Pb, Cd accumulated in this lumbricid. Seasonal fluctuations of microarthropods, their total abundance, and differences in the colonization of the compost layers were observed. Collembola abundance was significantly increased in the garbage compost plots in July 91. There were generally more Prostigmata in the control and limed plots than in the compost plots. Oribatid numbers fell under all treatments compared to the controls. Mesostigmata were identified to species level and 33 species were found in the experimental areas. Certain species, such as Arctoseius cetratus and Uropoda minima, were only found in the treated sites. 相似文献
67.
绿肥轮作还田对稻田土壤溶液氮素变化及水稻产量的影响 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21
通过研究利用绿肥等改变轮作制度及N素管理后稻田土壤溶液中溶解性N素的动态变化及水稻产量的变化,评价了利用绿肥参与水稻轮作系统,减少无机N肥的施用量,促进水稻生长的同时降低环境负荷的可行性。研究表明,在总N量相当的情况下,冬绿肥还田或冬季休闲稻季土壤溶液中NH4 -N浓度均比稻麦轮作单施化肥的处理低。溶液NO3--N浓度随还田有机物料的C/N增加显著降低。利用豆科紫云英轮作还田,可降低44%的无机N肥用量,溶解性N浓度显著降低,是减小稻季N肥流失环境风险的有效途径。 相似文献
68.
Stephanie J. Brodrick M. K. Sakala Kenneth E. Giller 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(1):39-44
Summary Plants grown from seed with high (1.5–7.3 g Mo seed-1) and low (0.07–1.4 g Mo seed-1) Mo contents were grown in the presence and absence of Mo in growth media (perlite) or in a flowing-solution culture, in a controlled environment. Neither the high (1.5 g Mo seed-1) nor the low (0.1 g Mo seed-1) Mo content in seed from a small-seeded genotype (BAT 1297) was able to prevent Mo deficiency (reduced shoot, root and nodule dry weight, N2 fixation and seed production) in growth media without an external supply of Mo, whereas both the high (7.3 g Mo seed-1) and the low (0.07 g Mo seed-1) contents in seed were able to prevent Mo deficiency in a large-seeded genotype (Canadian Wonder). Responses to Mo treatment by the Two genotypes were inconsistent between the growth media and solution culture experiments. Seed with a large Mo content (3.5 g Mo seed-1) from the Canadian Wonder genotype was unable to prevent Mo deficiency (reduced shoot and nodule dry weight and N2-fixation) in a solution culture without an external source of Mo, whereas both the large (1.7 g Mo seed-1) and the small (0.13 g Mo seed-1) contents in seed prevented a deficiency in BAT 1297. Growing plants from seed with a small Mo content, without additional Mo, reduced the seed Mo content by 83–85% and seed production by up to 38% in both genotypes. Changes in seed size and increases in shoot, root and nodule dry weight occurred, but varied with the genotype and growth conditions. These effects were also observed in some cases where plants were grown with additional Mo, demonstrating that the amount of Mo in the seed sown can influence plant nutrition irrespective of the external Mo supply. Nodule dry weight, total N content of shoots and seed production were improved by using seed with a small Mo content (1.64–3.57 g Mo seed-1) on acid tropical soils in Northern Zambia. Plants of both the large- and small-seeded genotypes grown from seed with a small Mo content (<1.41 g Mo seed-1) had a smaller nodule weight, accumulated less N and produced less seed. The viability of seed with a small Mo content was lower (germination up to 50% less) than that of seed with a large Mo content. 相似文献
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